The European Commission (EC) is currently reviewing the compliance of Apple’s iPadOS with the Digital Markets Act (DMA) to ensure fair competition within the market. This review follows the classification of iPadOS as a “Gatekeeper” in April 2024, which is part of the EU’s broader initiative to regulate the dominance of major technology firms and foster a healthy competitive landscape across the European Union (EU).
The DMA imposes specific requirements on “gatekeeper” platforms such as iPadOS, mandating that they operate with increased openness and transparency in their software ecosystems. Key among these requirements is the EC’s demand for Apple to allow users to select their default web browser on iPadOS, enable access to third-party app stores, and ensure compatibility with a range of peripherals, including headphones and smart pens.
In response to the DMA, Apple has implemented several updates to iPadOS aimed at the EU market. Notably, the upcoming iPadOS 18 will permit EU users to install third-party app stores, referred to as “app markets” by Apple, and will also allow them to choose their default web browser.
Despite these changes, there remains an ongoing concern regarding iPadOS’s support for third-party peripherals. The DMA stipulates that platforms must accommodate “backend device ecosystems” to ensure seamless compatibility with external devices. While the iPad does support various third-party headphones and styluses, the integration and functionality may not be as comprehensive as those offered by Apple’s proprietary accessories, such as AirPods and the Apple Pencil, which boast features like automatic device switching and high-pressure sensitivity.
Apple is anticipated to defend its current level of support for third-party accessories, contending that it aligns with DMA requirements. Ultimately, however, the EC will make the final determination regarding compliance. Should Apple be found in violation of the DMA, it could face penalties amounting to up to 10% of its annual global revenue. A final decision from the EC is expected to be announced next year.
